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- Please choose another answer. A cell uses which of the following to accelerate chemical reactions enabling its metabolic machinery to operate? Centrasome c. Golgi apparatus d. Enzymes Enzymes are catalysts, chemicals that speed up chemical...
- Enzymes increase the rates of biological chemical reactions. Which of the following is not part of the metabolic sequence? Photosynthesis c. Hydoplasm d. Digestion Inside cells, sequences of chemical reactions take place to support life. These...
- All the other organelles listed are important to the function of animal cells and plant cells. Light initiates different types of cellular reactions. Which of the following responses to light converts the energy from light into a gain of potential energy? Phototaxis c. Photosynthesis d. All of the above Photosynthesis is the process plant cells use to convert oxygen, water and sunlight into a usable form of energy. The product of photosynthesis is glucose sugar molecules. Glucose molecules are a form of potential energy that can be broken down by an organism to produce energy in the form of ATP molecules. Gene c. Protein d. Nucleus A gene is the basic unit of heredity. Genes are made of DNA sequences and act as instructions for making proteins although not all genes make proteins.
- Genes are found on chromosomes. Double c. Quadruple d. The DNA molecule looks like a twisted ladder and is referred to as a double helix. Each nucleotide contains a sugar molecule and a phosphate group, along with a nitrogen base. Genes are located within the cytoplasm of the cell. Hydrochloric acid c. Ribonucleic acid d. In the ribosome, the information coded onto messenger RNA is used to make proteins. When sexual reproduction occurs in multicellular organisms, a process takes place before cells fuse whereby a cell is left with half of its chromosomes, enabling the creation of a cell with a characteristic chromosome number. What is this process called? Osmosis c. Anabolism d. Differentiation During meiosis, gametes sex cells are formed by reducing the number of chromosomes found in somatic body cells by one half.
- This occurs so that when two gametes, one from each parent, fuse together, the embryo will contain the correct number of chromosomes. Without meiosis, offspring cells would contain double the number of chromosomes of normal adults and they would not be viable. Which of the following represents the largest group of biological classification? Kingdom c. Class d. Genus Biology uses a system of classification to group organisms together based on their characteristics. The levels of classification, from largest most inclusive to smallest most specific , include domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. There are two types of cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Which of the following cellular structures are found in both types of cell?
- Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria and their structure is much more simple than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells have a few simple cellular structures such as a nucleoid region, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane. Eukaryotic cells have more highly developed cellular structures including organelles that support the function of the cell. Golgi apparatus and mitochondria are found in eukaryotic cells. Chloroplasts are found in eukaryotic cells that contain chlorophyll, such as plants. What it is the name given to specialized structures within cells responsible for carrying out specific functions such as providing energy and producing hormones? Mitiosis c. Archaeans d. Organelles Organelles are specialized structures in cells that support the cellular functions.
- For example, mitochondria are organelles that synthesize energy; ribosomes synthesize protein; chloroplasts convert sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugar. Internal complexity c. Size d. Ecological relationships Unicellular organisms are very small compared to most multicellular organisms. If they were as large as a multicellular organism, their surface area to volume ratio would be too low to support life. Staying small gives unicellular organisms a high surface area to volume ratio.
- Larger cells have less surface area compared to their volume. Molecules move into the cell, out of the cell and through the cell slowly through the cell membrane. Having a large surface area provides more space for molecules to diffuse across the cell membrane and less of a distance to travel inside the cell to supply organelles with materials needed for metabolism. How many chromosomes does an individual human person have?
- If gene flow ends: A. D- Only natural selection can cause sufficient divergence for speciation to occur. False because natural selection is not the only mechanism for speciation to occur True or False? Speciation results from genetic isolation and genetic divergence. Genetic isolation results in lack of gene flow. Genetic divergence occurs because selection, genetic drift and mutations proceed independently in isolated populations. True What are the 2 greatest unifying ideas in modern biology and when were they introduced? The Cell theory and evolution Introduced in the mid 's Define evolution. A change in characteristics of a population over time.
- What are two important components of evolution? Theory of evolution predicts that biologists should be able to trace their ancestry. What do nodes on a tree represent? Common ancestry Study of interactions among organisms with one another and with their environment What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle? The theory that under 5 certain conditions, evolution would not occur and genetic equilibrium will be reached. What are the 5 conditions that may be met in order for Hardy-Weinberg to occur? Random mating No genetic drift deals with the size of population No gene flow migration Do humans rank high or low in genetic variation compared to other species?
- Low in genetic variation What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? Genotype is the particular combination of ales present in individual Phenotype is the expression of a physical, behavioral, biochemical trait What defines a species? A group of individuals capable of exchanging alleles through reproduction What is a gene pool? All alleles present in a group of interbreeding individuals What defines a population? A group of interbreeding individuals in the same geographical region. What is the ultimate source of genetic variation? Mutations What is independent assortment? Mendel also found that each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation. What is crossing over and when does it occur? The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
- This occurs at the stage when chromatids of homologous chromosomes pair up during synapsis, forming X-structure chiasma. The chromatids break into segments of matching regions , which are then exchanged with one another. Crossing over is important because it results in new combinations of genes that are different from either parent, contributing to genetic diversity. Occurs during Prophase I in Meiosis What is recombination? Reshuffling during sexual reproduction mechanisms? Major source of variation How do you calculate allele frequency?
- It predicts genotypes frequencies from allele frequencies. The measure of an extent to which the individual's genotype is represented in the next generation. Reflects reproductive success and Survival of offspring to reproduction What is positive selection? What is balancing selection? Due to differences in environment favoring different alleles or heterozygote advantage What is an example of a heterozygote advantage? Balancing selection due to heterozygote advantage Heterozygote fitness is higher than either of the homozygotes Results in both alleles maintained in a population at some intermediate frequencies Example: Hemoglobin alleles A and S: in regions with malaria AS genotypes have an advantage over AA or SS. Natural selection can cause three different types of patterns of selection.
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Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Conquer your course and sign up for free today! These class notes were uploaded by an elite notetaker Kaylee at Washington State University on Nov 02 and has been viewed times. The gastrovascular cavity: is in a lot of different organisms 2. Rapid breathing hyperventilation Before a dive enables humans to stay underwater longer 3.- Which of these phyla has radial symmetry Ctenophora 4. In the human mouth this type of digestion occurs: Mechanical and Enzymatic 5. Log in Sign up. Biology Exam 1. Shoot System. Biology Exam 1 Washington State University. Find Study Resources. Main Menu; Lab 1. Aphys Notes Exam 1. Writting Assignment 1. Identification and classification of vascular plants with emphasis on the local flora. Credit not granted for students who have already
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- If gene flow ends: A. D- Only natural selection can cause sufficient divergence for speciation to occur. False because natural selection is not the only mechanism for speciation to occur True or False? Speciation results from genetic isolation and genetic divergence. Genetic isolation results in lack of gene flow. Genetic divergence occurs because selection, genetic drift and mutations proceed independently in isolated populations. True What are the 2 greatest unifying ideas in modern biology and when were they introduced? The Cell theory and evolution Introduced in the mid 's Define evolution. A change in characteristics of a population over time. What are two important components of evolution? Theory of evolution predicts that biologists should be able to trace their ancestry. What do nodes on a tree represent? Common ancestry Study of interactions among organisms with one another and with their environment What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
- The theory that under 5 certain conditions, evolution would not occur and genetic equilibrium will be reached. What are the 5 conditions that may be met in order for Hardy-Weinberg to occur? Random mating No genetic drift deals with the size of population No gene flow migration Do humans rank high or low in genetic variation compared to other species? Low in genetic variation What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? Genotype is the particular combination of ales present in individual Phenotype is the expression of a physical, behavioral, biochemical trait What defines a species? A group of individuals capable of exchanging alleles through reproduction What is a gene pool? All alleles present in a group of interbreeding individuals What defines a population? A group of interbreeding individuals in the same geographical region.
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